electronic factory rise of nations download

We may see from previous industrial revolutions that technological advances met broader industrial demands amongst their trigger conditions. intensive use of electrical power) the third made use of electronics and internet technology from the 1970s and automated productions (i.e. mechanisation) the second began in the late nineteenth century, utilised on electrical energy and enabled mass production (i.e. Looking back to the previous industrial revolutions: the first started at the end of the eighteenth century with the increasing use of steam and water power and resulted in a transition from hand production methods to machines (i.e. We see governments are tailoring their efforts accordingly, and industries are adapting as well as driving those changes. Some of them are bottom-up, such as Portugal, some top-down, such as Italy, a few like the United States had already been moving in this direction long before 2011.

The key of this paper is that we summarise over 14 countries’ up-to-date national strategies and plans for Industry 4.0. Here, we generally describe the concepts of Industry 4.0, explain some new terminologies and challenges for clarity and completeness. It is becoming clear that it is not just new innovations at play, technical advancements, governmental policies and markets have never been so intertwined. While we are adapting to new changes, adjustments are starting to reveal on national and international levels. Its practicalities can be found in many fields and affect nearly all of us in so many ways.

Since 2011, when the concepts of Industry 4.0 were first announced, this industrial revolution has grown and expanded from some theoretical concepts to real-world applications.

Electronic factory rise of nations download